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Unit VIII Assignment
This assignment involves completing two exercises, and the purpose is for you to apply the safety and health management systems approach to workplace ergonomics.
Exercise 1: Relating Countermeasure Strategies
Discuss the 10 generic countermeasure strategies proposed by Haddon as they relate to an incident that might have occurred on your worksite, or relate the countermeasures to something you have observed.
The 10 generic countermeasures are listed below:
a) Prevent the initial buildup of energy.
(b) Reduce potential energy.
(c) Prevent the release of the energy.
(d) Reduce the rate of release of energy.
(e) Separate the host from the energy source.
(f) Place a barrier between the host an energy source.
(g) Absorb the energy.
(h) Strengthen the susceptible host.
(i) Move rapidly in detect and counter the release.
(j) Take procedures to ameliorate the damage.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length.
Exercise 2: Applying the Safety and Health Management Systems Approach to Workplace Ergonomics
This question involves reading the following passage, choosing one side of the debate, and then defending your choice by providing your rationale. Read the following passage and then decide who is at fault: the company or the employee.
Our truck driver, Ben, injures his back while tying down the tarps on his flatbed trailer. He has to use four-inch straps to secure the load and then has to cover the load with tarps which require the use of bungee cords (rubber straps) to secure the tarp.
Either defend the company and decide that the root cause for the back injury was due to the failure of the employee to properly follow the processes and procedures, or defend the employee and decide that the root cause of the back injury was due to the failure of the company to provide a hazard-free workplace. To successfully answer this question, you might have to do a bit of research. Consider the following sources: the OSHA standards, the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) rules, and the textbook. Use APA Style to insert appropriate citations into your response.
Your response should be at least 200 words in length
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Instructions :
Unit VI Scholarly Activity
In the following assignment, you will be given two different questions concerning the material covered in this unit. Each question should be answered using a minimum of 250 words. Any resources, including your textbook, that are utilized to answer the questions should be cited and referenced using APA formatting. A template has been provided here for you to use to answer the questions. Enter your answers into the template, and upload the template into the assignment area within Blackboard. The questions you will be answering are shown below (and in the template). The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) currently has a permissible exposure limit (PEL) for noise of 90 dBA at an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposure with an action level of 50% of that exposure. OSHA uses a 5 dB exchange rate (doubling rate); this means that if the exposure increases from 90 dBA to 95 dBA, the allowed exposure time decreases to one-half—from 8 hours to 4 hours. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recommend using an exposure limit of 85 dBA instead of 90 dBA and also recommend using a 3 dB exchange rate. These levels are much more protective than the levels currently used by OSHA. Discuss the merits of each of the two methods. Provide your opinion as to which of the approaches you believe should be used. Support your answer with at least one professional/scholarly reference. OSHA does not currently have a regulation specifically covering ergonomic issues. OSHA has issued several guidelines for some specific industries. Consider a workplace you are familiar with where there is a potential for repetitive motion injuries. Discuss what methods you would use to identify tasks that would present the greatest risk for repetitive motion injuries. How would you establish an ergonomics program to address the issues? What would be the greatest obstacles in establishing the ergonomics program?
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Unit VIII Research Paper
For the following research paper assignment, you have been asked to perform an evaluation of
employee exposures at a small automobile parts manufacturing facility. The manufacturing
processes include two metal presses, two machining stations, three welding stations, a small
paint booth, and a shipping/receiving area. There are two employees working at each press, one
person working at each machining station, one person working at each welding station, two
people working in the paint booth, and four employees working in the shipping/receiving area.
One of the presses is a 2,000-ton press, and the other press is a 200-ton press. The 2,000-ton
press is the greatest noise source for the facility. The machining area uses a metal working fluid.
The safety data sheet (SDS) for the metal working fluid is attached here. All welding is
performed on stainless steel. The painting booth uses a powder coating operation, but the
employees use xylene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) to clean the parts prior to the powder
coating operation. At the end of the shift, one of the employees uses 1,3 butadiene to clean the
nozzles for the paint booth. The facility uses two electric forklifts to move materials between the
production area and the storage warehouse and between the warehouse and the shipping area. All
employees work an 8-hour shift.
Part 1: Using the information on anticipation and control we studied in the textbook, identify the
hazards that are present in the facility. In your discussion, explain why you chose the hazards,
and describe whether you believe the hazards to be actual hazards or potential hazards (which
require further evaluation). Describe the specific location(s) at the facility where the hazards are
located and determine how many employees are potentially at risk in those areas. Your response
for Part 1 should be at least one page in length.
Part 2: Using the information on evaluation that we studied in the textbook, summarize how you
would measure the personal exposures to the hazards that you identified in Part 1. Use the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) website
(https://www.osha.gov/dts/sltc/methods/toc.html) or the National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health (NIOSH) website (http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2003-154/default.html) to
select the specific sampling and analytical method that would work best to evaluate any chemical
hazards you identified. Provide a summary of the sampling media you would use, include the
sampling flow rate, discuss how long you would sample, and explain how you would calibrate
the sampling train. Include a discussion about why you selected the specific sampling and
analytical method. Your response to Part 2 should be at least one page in length.
Part 3: Access the attached sampling results here. For each set of results, perform the following
actions: Calculate the 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) exposure. Compare the results to the
appropriate OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL). Determine which results exceed an
established OSHA PEL. Write a one-page summary of the sampling results; document the
exposures that exceeded an OSHA PEL and identify those areas that you believe will require the
application of controls to reduce risk. Include your calculations, include a list of the OSHA PELs
you compared the results to, and explain how you decided that an exposure exceeded an OSHA
PEL.
Part 4: Using OSHA’s hierarchy of controls, recommend the control methods that you believe
would be the most effective for reducing the risks associated with the exposures that exceeded
the OSHA PEL above. Explain how you would implement the controls and how you would
evaluate the effectiveness of the controls. Also, discuss any interim control methods you would
recommend for the facility. This section should be at least one page in length. Include a reference
page and in-text citations for all sources you used in this project, including your textbook, using
proper APA format. Information about accessing the grading rubric for this assignment is
provided below.
APA Guidelines The application of the APA writing style shall be practical, functional, and
appropriate to each academic level, with the primary purpose being the documentation (citation)
of sources. CSU requires that students use APA style for certain papers and projects. Students
should always carefully read and follow assignment directions and review the associated grading
rubric when available. Students can find CSU’s Citation Guide by clicking here. This document
includes examples and sample papers and provides information on how to contact the CSU
Success Center.
Grading Rubrics MOS 6301, Advanced Industrial Hygiene
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