If the DNA contained in chromosomes is similar to an instruction manual, then the genes in the DNA are like individual instructions or "recipes" within the manual. They instruct the cell on how to produce specific proteins, which are the building blocks and functional units of cells. Proteins carry out a variety of tasks, such as catalyzing reactions, transporting molecules across cell membranes, and providing structure to the cell. By encoding for different proteins, genes direct the cell to perform specific functions, such as reproducing, responding to stimuli, and carrying out metabolic processes. In this way, genes serve as the primary source of information for the cell and play a crucial role in determining the characteristics and behavior of an organism.